SCIENCE

10 thoughtful insights about the great cosmic unknowns | by Ethan Siegel | Starts With A Bang! | Oct, 2024

The Universe is a vast, diverse, and interesting place, full of matter and energy, in various forms, playing out on the stage of spacetime, in accordance with the laws of physics. This is exemplified by this Hubble space telescope image of galaxy cluster IDCS J1426.5+3508. While this is certainly an example of “something” existing within the Universe, it is debatable whether “nothing” can even physically exist, or whether it’s solely confined to the realm of philosophy. (Credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Brodwin (University of Missouri))

An in-depth interview with astronomer Kelsey Johnson, whose new book, Into the Unknown, explores what remains unknown about the Universe.

When it comes to understanding the entire Universe, there are impressive lists one can make about both what we do and what we don’t yet understand, at least, in a provisional sense. Modern science, particularly with a view to the theoretical and experimental/observational advances of the 20th and 21st century, has made sense of an enormous number of details in our cosmic past. We understand that:

  • our Universe is expanding,
  • that it can trace its history back to a hotter, denser, more uniform past,
  • with the earliest phases describable by a hot Big Bang,
  • which itself was preceded by a phase of cosmic inflation,

and that all that we see and experience today — stars, galaxies, planets, moons, the cosmic web, and even life itself — having arisen in the aftermath of these impressive events in our shared history.

As impressive as these cosmic “knowns” are, there remains much to still explain. Why do the fundamental constants have the values that they do, and are there any…


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